Antisocial Personality Disorder Free Essays

Standoffish Personality Disorder Guadalupe Guizar Reyes HACC South West February 1, 2012 Antisocial Personality Disorder Often the vast majority don’t comprehend the main problem behind Antisocial Personality Disorder and has been clarified that past examinations show that most character issue if not all start by showing indications during youth. Albeit almost no is done about ASPD, regardless of whether it being because of absence of information or not having any desire to concede disappointment of imperfection in your family, this article while a long way from immaculate works admirably in announcing all the significant angles in the turmoil. The site itself is composed and profoundly useful, introducing most often posed inquiries and noting them in wording that any individual with an informed level can fathom. We will compose a custom paper test on Introverted Personality Disorder or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now What causes withdrawn character issue? How is it rewarded? What occurs on the off chance that it gets untreated? Questions that any individual who is investigating this specific issue whether it be for exploration of pertinent to you or somebody you know in which you need to look for help for will discover generally valuable. The site isn't just enlightening yet in addition advantageous to somebody who is searching for treatment, having a segment where you can look for help close to you. It contains numerous instruments that are effectively open, helpful to those in look for a particular issue. They incorporate an area called â€Å"Patient Discussions† where past patients may remark on an inquiry for moments, what treatment has been compelling for your standoffish character issue? While not an individual inquiry it very well may be very disheartening for the individuals who still can't seem to locate a successful method to arrangement or adapt to their confusion may lose intrigue or expectation in getting treatment. To date†¦ nothing has even remotely changed about my introverted character issue and have been in and out of mental foundations a large portion of my life. † (writer last name, date, page number) The substance on the page is simple on the eyes, dark content on a dark foundati on, making it coherent to shield guests from leaving the webpage while making the site look cleaned and proficient. The negative contribution to the substance is that albeit comprehensible, each area is in a similar style design, shading making it hard to istinguish one segment from another. The site contains numerous connects to other data on various sorts of disarranges containing their side effects, treatment, causes and other useful information all at the range of one site making it counterproductive. The site contains includes on the most proficient method to separate one issue from another and how from a far distance you can describe the confusion, which is very helpful to the individuals who may think a friend or family member perhaps needing treatment yet are uncertain of how to go about it. Regardless of the absence of room on the site it makes up with various options on how the turmoil can be dealt with, treatment for moments â€Å"For model, young people who get treatment, encourages them change the reasoning that prompts their maladaptive conduct (intellectual social treatment) has been found to fundamentally diminish the rate of rehash standoffish practices. † The site contains great elements, it’s simple to explore and find specific areas you’re generally intrigued by and everything situated under one site. In the event that by chance that there is something particular you are looking for and cant appear to discover situated at the upper left hand corner is a hunt area where it’ll lead you distinctive site with comparative characteristics. The site is useful for all who are keen on ASPD or a particular ailment whether it is for individual information or looking for direction and help. It will give you an away from of these ailments and mindfulness. http://www. medicinenet. com/antisocial_personality_disorder/article. htm The most effective method to refer to Antisocial Personality Disorder, Essay models

Understand Playwork Principles Essay Example

Comprehend Playwork Principles Essay Clarify the natural drive for youngsters and youngsters to play. The Playwork Principles (2006) state â€Å"All youngsters and youngsters need to play. The drive to play is innate†. â€Å"Play is a procedure that is openly picked, by and by coordinated and characteristically inspired. Youngsters and youngsters decide and control the substance and goal of their play by following their impulses, thoughts and interests in their own particular manner and for their own reasons. The youngster picks when and how to play and this is viewed as a natural drive, fundamental to wellbeing and prosperity. † This implies play is viewed as a characteristic sense for a youngster and is their method of understanding their general surroundings. Play is something that a youngster decides to do and will do at whatever point and at every possible opportunity. Play happens in all parts of a child’s day by day schedule whether they are eating, strolling, talking or in the study hall. This shows they have a characteristic interest and sense for experience, investigation and fervor. Youngsters don't should be offered toys to play, they have the capacity and minds to turn even the least complex of articles, for example, a cardboard box into anything they want, for example, a mansion or dashing vehicle. Break down how play is important for youngsters and youthful people’s advancement and prosperity. Play is urgent for a child’s social, enthusiastic, physical and psychological turn of events. Play is a child’s method of finding out about their own body and their general sur roundings. Through play they practice key aptitudes and characteristics, for example, freedom, inventiveness, interest and critical thinking. It is a significant piece of investigating sentiments and creating social abilities. Youngsters will start by playing with lifeless things, for example, dolls or cuddly toys, pretending and associating with them which encourages them to rehearse their language aptitudes. We will compose a custom article test on Understand Playwork Principles explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Understand Playwork Principles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Understand Playwork Principles explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This permits them to then have the certainty and jargon to proceed onward to playing and connecting with other kids as they figure out how to share, alternate and start to learn feelings and underline with others. * Explain what is implied by play being a natural, mental, sociological need. Unstructured play empowers youngsters to discover and seek after their own advantages, giving them the opportunity to be what their identity is. It permits them to find their preferences, qualities and shortcomings voluntarily. Free play permits them to become daring individuals who settle on choices for themselves, helping them to gain from their encounters and disappointments. Each child’s regular intuition to play should be sustained to empower them to create. Through play kids learn and create as people and as citizenry, if youngsters are not given enough chance to control their play this can make them have the sentiment of an absence of control in their lives or to need fundamental social and fundamental abilities and can prompt a low confidence as they lack the certainty to do and find things for themselves. Through play youngsters learn and create as people and as individuals from the network and play likewise expands wellbeing, joy and prosperity. This shows play is an organic, mental, sociological need as an absence of it can have a genuine effect on youngsters and youthful people’s advancement. Assignment 2 * Evaluate the significance of the UN Convention on the privileges of the kid according to play arrangement. Play for kids is an essential need to investigate, find out about and comprehend their reality. Article 31 of the UN Convention perceives kids and youthful people’s option to rest and relaxation, to take part in play and recreational exercises proper to their age and partake openly in social life and expressions of the human experience. To help these standards Play England has delivered the contract for children’s play which offers eight proclamations of what play implies for kids and what we ought to do to elevate their entitlement to improve it. Kids reserve the option to play. Each kid needs existence to play. Grown-ups should allow kids to play. Youngsters ought to have the option to play openly in their neighborhoods. Kids worth and advantage from staffed play arrangement. Children’s play is advanced by talented play laborers. Kids need existence to play at school. Kids at times need additional help to make the most of their entitlement to play. These are of extraordinary significance and are fundamental to the turn of events and prosperity of a kid, h aving the privileges of the youngster set up causes us as playworkers to have something to follow and guarantee that they are being incorporated and accomplished inside the setting. Clarify how playwork associations look to meet the privileges all things considered and youngsters for play. As a playworker it is critical to have a decent information and comprehension of children’s rights and the lawful structure identifying with them. We should have the option to assess existing strategies to guarantee that the privileges of youngsters and youngsters are being met, this incorporates counseling the kids and youngsters on how the setting can best meet their privileges and making them mindful of how to declare them. Kids ought to be allowed the chance to uninhibitedly communicate their considerations and thoughts and it is significant that these are followed up on where conceivable as this will show the kids and youngsters that you regard and worth their sentiments and permit us as playworkers to give a play space and play hardware that they will be content with. For instance permitting youngsters to pick what hardware they might want to play with and what exercises they need to do. Errand 3 Explain the significance of a group way to deal with supporting youngsters and youngsters to make play spaces It is critical to have a group way to deal with supporting kids and youngsters to make play spaces as everybody cooperating will assist with guaranteeing the objective is met and playwork standards are maintained. It is simpler for undertakings to be cultivated rapidly and all the more proficiently if everybody functions admirably as a group. It likewise permits consistency for the kids and youngster s and sets a positive good example and genuine guide to them as it gives them how they also can cooperate as a group. Each individual is unique and has different characteristics to add to the group, every part can profit something from another individual from the group. It is significant that commendation is given to other staff individuals who have worked admirably as this will assist with building the groups resolve and cause each play specialist to feel regarded and a substantial individual from the group. Functioning as a group makes a charming play space condition for staff, kids and their families. * Explain the job of play laborers going about as supporters for play. The playworkers center capacity is to make a situation which will invigorate kids and youthful people’s play and expand their chances for a wide scope of play encounters at the same time guaranteeing that we are shielding the youngsters. Upholding for play implies understanding and permitting play to be youngster focused and by and by coordinated by the kids, permitting them to play with what they need and in the manner that they need. Grown-ups engaged with play ought to consistently advance correspondence of chance and try to create against oppressive practice and inspirational perspectives to the individuals who might be hindered. Play should offer the kid chances to expand their investigation and comprehension of the more extensive world. * Evaluate various creations a playwork group can use to help kids and youthful people’s play. * Explain the significance of adjusting needs and privileges of individual kids and youngsters with the requirements and privileges of others. As a playworker it is essential to accommodate the requirements and privileges of every individual youngster and youngster and offset it with the necessities and privileges of others. Every youngster and youngster is extraordinary and has singular inclinations and prerequisites. We have to guarantee that sufficient exercises are given to suit each child’s preferences and inclinations and that they are completely given equivalent play openings fitting for their age. This may mean adjusting an action to be simpler for a more youthful kid or all the more trying for a more seasoned or increasingly capable kid. Each child’s capacity ought to be applauded and energized and playworkers ought to consistently advance fairness and opportunity. * Evaluate the effect of playworkers on the play space. It is significant for playworkers to perceive their own effect on the play space and to be distinctly attentive so as to perceive and react to play ues from youngsters and when to intercede on an action picking the best technique to suit the circumstance and continually guaranteeing that by doing so we are not limiting play at all. We work to make a domain in which kids and youngsters are allowed to pick how and what they play and do this by giving access to m aterials and gear, encouraging play openings that kids will be unable to accomplish all alone and engaging the kids to have authority over their own play condition. As playworkers we ought to be continually adjusting or changing nature to suit the requirements of the kids and to guarantee that play will keep on thriving. The more adaptable and variable the earth is, the more we are permitting the youngsters to assume responsibility for what occurs in their condition and addition certainty. We likewise comprehend the significance of youngsters encountering challenge in their play and guarantee that we bala

How to Avoid Scam Contractors and Fake Charities Post-Natural Disaster

How to Avoid Scam Contractors and Fake Charities Post-Natural Disaster How to Avoid Scam Contractors and Fake Charities Post-Natural Disaster How to Avoid Scam Contractors and Fake Charities Post-Natural DisasterBoth victims and those looking to help are at risk of falling prey. Here’s what to look for.As the victims of Hurricane Harvey start returning to their homes to assess the damage and rebuild, it’s time for a sad but necessary conversation.Not only have thousands of these people lost their homes or suffered massive amounts of flood damage, but they are right in the crosshairs for scam artists looking to profit off their misery. Fake contractors, scammy bad credit lenders, and regular petty street criminals will all be looking to take advantage.But theyre not the only ones who have to watch out for con artists and criminals. The same holds true for the millions of other folks nationwide who were horrified by the damage that Harvey wrought and who just want to help. Their eagerness to donate money towards a good cause, unfortunately, makes them a prime target for scams.And with a state of emergency being declared in Florida ahead of Hurricane Irma, these types of hustles aren’t going away anytime soon.Luckily, there are ways to protect yourself from con artists and others looking to take advantage. Here’s some expert advice for how people in both groups can stay one step ahead of the scammers.Disaster Victims: How to Avoid Scam ContractorsJustin Lavelle is the Chief Communications Director of BeenVerified.com, a leading online background check platform. He’s an expert in scam prevention and identity fraud.“In regard to Hurricane Harvey, there will be plenty of work to rebuild and this will bring in many out-of-state companies to help with the work. says Lavelle. “Most may be legit, but there will be plenty of scam artists who will be trying to prey on the weak and vulnerable, so don’t be one of them.”He has two big pieces of advice for avoiding scam contractors:Check credentials: “Anyone claiming to be a contractor should be licensed and bonded and be willing to show you docu ments establishing those claims. Make sure that you follow-up before you give over your money.  If you are not sure, do a background check.”Inspectors and adjusters don’t ask for money: “If your property was damaged, then you are likely to have many people assisting with your claims. Don’t be fooled by imposters. If you are unsure, call the agency or insurance company you are working with and check them out.”Lavelle also advises that scams aren’t the only thing a person has to watch out for:“The over-committed construction company is not as much of a scam as it is a nuisancebut still it is something to look out for. Make sure that the company you hire or work with has the resources to do your job in a timely manner.“Sure, certain delays will happen, but make sure that you are scheduled and your work is to be done timely. This is probably most effective with large established companies that have the personnel and resources for the work they do.“Shy away from a few guys in a truck with out-of-state plates that claim they can rebuild your house in a week.”Lastly, if you want to avoid scam artists, don’t work with anyone who insists on being paid in cash. If you have more questions about how to handle hiring a contractor to fix your homeand also want to see verified customer reviews for different companiescheck out this awesome (and free!)  Restoration Guide from ConsumerAffairs.com.The Four Post-Disaster Home Renovation Scams It’s rare for con-artists to create an entirely new routine. In fact, most of them are all working from the same shopworn playbook.The reason they do it is that these scams work. But it also means that you can more easily identify them.To better help you recognize these warnings signs, Lavelle has helpfully broken down the four basic kinds of scams that con artists run in a post-natural disaster scenario:Scam 1: “I have extra materials!”“A contractor knocks on your door and claims to have extra materials from a job he just completed down the street. Not wanting to take a loss on the supplies, he offers to pave your driveway or patch your roof for a smoking good deal.“As tempting as a good deal is, don’t be fooled.“The con artist “contractor” will start working and then claim to find an issue that makes him raise the price of the job. Then if you object, the contractor might walk away, leaving you with a half-finished project.“Or he or she may also take your money and run.“Another way this situation could go: He paints your driveway with black paint instead of paving it with asphalt. Then you watch it wash away the next time it rains and cry.“How to protect yourself: Never hire a contractor on the spot. Read reviews and make sure they do quality work before making any deals.”Scam 2: “I have a special offer today!”“This home improvement scam usually starts from a newspaper ad or mailer that advertises a home service for a ridiculously low price. After you call and re quest services, they’ll quote you for a slew of “problems” your house has.“Worried that they need to get these fixes done, unsuspecting homeowners empty their pockets and the contractor leaves without finishing or doing any work at all.“How to protect yourself: Confirm that the contractor’s business is legal, licensed and registered. Request to see a business license and proof of insurance.”Scam 3: “I’ll need the money upfront…”“A conning contractor will tell you that he’ll need a percentage of the project cost upfront. He might tell you the reason is that he needs to order materials or rent supplies.“But once you pay him, he’ll disappear. Or he’ll do a poor job, thinking you can’t fire him because you’ve already paid him hundreds, or thousands.“How to protect yourself: Down payments are a standard practice, but should never be unreasonable. Check the rules in your state regarding down payment limits. Some states limit down payments to 10 percen t of the project price or $1,000, whichever is less.“Also, before hiring any one contractor, get at least three different estimates.”Scam 4: “Take my word for it.”“While talking with your contractor about the repairs you’d like made, you add in a couple ideas. He gets excited about the ideas and even makes his own suggestions.“You don’t put these ideas into your contract agreement because you think you had such a clear verbal understanding.“Then you’re surprised when the contractor says those upgrades weren’t included in the price â€" and that you’ll have to fork over more money for them.“How to protect yourself: Always get everything in writing. A legal contract is your safety net, should any issues arise. Be sure to review every detail before signing.  If you are not comfortable, ask an attorney to review it before you sign. It’s a worthwhile investment to avoid problems on the back end.”Non-Victims: How to Avoid Fake CharitiesAccording to Robert Sic iliano, CEO of IDTheftSecurity.com, “Internet criminals follow a similar editorial calendar as newspaper and magazine editors, coordinating their attacks around holidays, and the change in seasons. They further capitalize on significant events and natural disasters.”“Right now,” says Siciliano, “there are 24-hour news reports focusing on the tragedy and people are understandably getting sucked into the drama of the events.“This is a prime time to reach out to those same people who are enmeshed in the reports and get them to donate to fake organizations.”Here are Siciliano’s tips for avoiding scammers and making sure that your donation gets into the right hands:Do not donate cash: “Anyone asking to come to your home or office and pick up cash is a scammer. Any phone calls or emails received requesting cash or to wire money transfers is a scam.”Be suspect of all emails requesting donations: “I would never click on a link in an email, especially short urls. Always manually enter the domain name into the address bar. The best thing is to go directly to the organizations website.”Read more about protecting yourself from scam emails in our post Don’t Let a Phishing Scam Lead to Bad Credit!Check with the Better Business Bureau: The first thing you should always do prior to making a donation to any charity is to check their credibility with the Better Business Bureau. Go online to the BBB’s charity tracker, Give.org, and search out the charity.”Give only to charities, not individuals: “Any communication from someone requesting money because of their hardship is an obvious scam. But some people are saps for an emotional sob story. While you may be savvy enough not to fall for these scams, someone in your life who may be naïve could.”Give soon and consider the Red Cross: “The American Red Cross is the most known and credible organization on the planet for helping out those in despair. Give now and give as much as you can.Additionally , Siciliano advises that you refrain from giving out credit card numbers via to an unsolicited email and never give out your PIN or account numbers “to anyone for any reason.”Don’t let scammers make a bad situation worse. Just follow these steps and you can leave them in the dust.Have you encountered a Hurricane Harvey-related scam artist? Please let us know so that we can help get the word out. You can email us by clicking here or you can find us on Twitter at @OppLoans.Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsJustin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide peace of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable way to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allows individuals to find mo re information about people, phone numbers, email addresses and property records.Robert Siciliano  (@RobertSiciliano) is a #1 Best-Selling Author and CEO of  IDTheftSecurity.com  which is funny, but serious about teaching you and your audience fraud prevention and personal security. Robert is a United States Coast Guard Auxiliary Flotilla Staff Officer of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security whose motto is Semper Paratus. His programs are cutting edge, easily digestible and provide best practices to keep you, your clients and employees safe and secure. Your audience will walk away as experts in identity theft prevention, online reputation management, online privacy and data security.

Life And Life Of Prison - 1259 Words

Twenty years to life in prison, this is what I woke up to one cold December morning. I had been falsely accused of a crime. It all started a couple of weeks ago. I had gone to the local gas station to pick-up some groceries to fix my family a surprise breakfast. I had planned to go home and fix them eggs, bacon, waffles, and grits. It would have been perfect, just to have a family meal. I had arrived at the gas station and proceeded to go into the store to get the groceries that I needed. All of sudden a man with the gun entered the store. He told the man to give him all the money in the cash register as he shot at some bottles behind the counter. After the clerk had finished loading the bag, he threw it on the ground, and without†¦show more content†¦The judge read to me the accusation that were made against me, and asked for the evidence to be presented. They had taken the store s surveillance videos, and said that they had video evidence of what had happened. The judge th en asked the cop to play the video, but there was a problem. The video had been encrypted with a password, and without the password, the video could not be watched. The judge ruled that this evidence was irrelevant until it could be used. The judge asked if there was any evidence to be presented. They had one more witness that went to the stand. The other attorney asked what he remembered about the morning of December 3, 2034. He said that he remembered being in the gas station, and seeing me beside the body (8th amendment) When I was back in the jail cell, I decided to ask him what the bail had been set at. He said that there was no bail. He told me that I had been indicted, and I would be going to my arraignment next. I just kept thinking of my family, and that I had to do everything in my power to get out of here. I asked the cop also if someone had picked up my car.(4th amendment) He said it can be picked up as soon as it has been searched. I immediately asked if there was a war rant. He said that there was, and to get some sleep. He said that tomorrow would be a long day. The next morning they came to me and wanted to make a deal. They said just plead guilty, and they would let me off with secondShow MoreRelatedLife in Prison1834 Words   |  8 Pagesimprisonment. As times past by the prison has taken on various shapes and forms. The quality and most conditions of prisons have changed in order to provide better living conditions for the inmates, but the main purpose of the prison has never changed, the online article Welcome to Stop the Crime states that â€Å" a prison have four major purposes, these include retribution, incapacitation, deterrence and rehabilitation† (stoptheaca.org). This shows that the prison is there to ensure that criminals payRead MoreThe Prison of Life1817 Words   |  8 Pagesinquisitive of creatures, had always sought the meaning of life. The answer had varied; to an altruistic person, man was made to serve the common goo d wheras to a Douglas Adams fan, the answer was merely 42. Philosophers dedicated their lives for the meaning of life and the reason for our existence here on Earth. Unlike other philosophers such as John Locke and Ayn Rand, famed writer Albert Camus believed that life had no meaning. According to Camus, life was, simply stated, absurd. Camus asserted three mainRead MorePrison Life Essays1953 Words   |  8 PagesPrison Life Most people have no idea what it feels like to be in prison, statistically only one out of every five people will know what its like to be in prison. Approximately 1.4 million people out of the U.S.s 280 million people are in prison. (Thomas, 2) The only reason people know about prisons is because of the media. The news, movies, and books all contribute to peoples stereotypes about prisons. Prisoners receive three meals a day, workout facilities, a library, as well as other thingsRead MoreEssay on Life in Prison1857 Words   |  8 PagesLife in Prison Cody Cotten CJA/383 December 21, 2010 Chet Madison Jr. Life in Prison When an individual is introduced to the prison life, after violating rules and laws, he or she must come to terms about the journey he or she are about to take behind bars in prison. No one can save them, or do their time for them, and a majority of their freedom has been stripped from them either temporarily or permanently. Prison life deals with all walks of life and is not discriminativeRead MoreEssay on Life in Prison1771 Words   |  8 Pagesa room with 84 adults, chances are two of them have been in prison. One out of 42 adults in the United States has been incarcerated. 2.3 million people serving time behind bars outnumber the residents of the fourth largest U.S. city. According to California Prison Focus, â€Å"no other society in human history has imprisoned so many if its own citizens.† The U.S. has locked up more people than any other country (Paleaz, 2013). Are prisons in the U.S. doing what they were intended to do? Out of theRead MorePrison Life in the UK1246 Words   |  5 Pagesunwanted. The members of the prison population can range from petty thieves to cold hearted serial killers; so the conflict arises on how they can all be dealt with the most efficient way. The sides can result in a wide range of opinions such as simply thinking a slap on the wrist is sufficient; to even thinking that death is the only way such a lesson can be learned. While many believe it is ok to punish and torture prisoners, others feel that cruel treatment of prison inmates is wrong because itRead MoreThe Prison Life : Sarah Water1560 Words   |  7 PagesThe prison life In the year 1999, Sarah Water wrote a fiction novel called affinity. The story generally talks of a love story of two ladies who were both in their own solitude. One on the main character was a convict in prison while the other was home remanded for attempts to commit suicide. The book generally shows us the life of women in prison. Today, they are many people in prison due to felony. The prison life is not very fascinating to many people especially for individual who have ever experiencedRead MoreDeath Penalty or Life in Prison1170 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty or Life in Prison Sierra Brattain Southwestern Michigan College Death Penalty or Life in Prison Death Penalty I began my research by looking into the death penalty or also known as capital punishment. The death penalty is the action of executing a person who has committed an illegal act equivalent to death. Crimes punishable by death vary depending on the state; some include murder, sexual assault, treason, and other serious capital crimes (â€Å"Crimes Punishable†, 2011). ThereRead MoreLife Within Prison Walls1181 Words   |  5 Pagesare convicted, you go to prison. This is common knowledge throughout America and the world. What most citizens don’t know is that within prison walls, there is a lifestyle much different than the life you and I are used to outside of bars. Within the walls of American prisons, the occupants are deprived of many freedoms you and me take for granted. There is not much to do. Many inmates used drugs outside of prison, so there is a high demand to smuggle drugs into the prison system for use by the inmatesRead MoreDeath Penalty and Life in Prison16 23 Words   |  7 Pagesasking can someone hide himself secret in secret from him a person cannot , because God presence is everywhere. ------------------------------------------------- Acts 17:24-28: It tells how God is the creator of all living things he gave all things life also breath. We are Gods offspring. ------------------------------------------------- 2 Timothy 2:13: God formed Adam and Eve ------------------------------------------------- Hebrews 6:18: Tells how God has suffered being tempted that he is able

The Role of Special Interest Groups in American Politics...

THE ROLE OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICAN POLITICS Like political parties, pressure groups can be considered another system that connects the citizen more directly to government. However, at the same instant there are marked differences in both composition and function that define interest groups as different entities from larger political parties. According to V.O. Key Jr. in a composition appropriately entitled Pressure Groups; pressure groups OrdinarilyÂ… concern themselves with only a narrow range of policies; and unlike the goals of political parties, their intentions are to influence the content of public policy rather than the results of elections. Nevertheless, it is a realized fact that special interest groups with†¦show more content†¦With this lens of scrutiny, the world of pressure politics becomes more a politics among the activists than a politics that involves many people. However, it is not to be totally lost that the public primarily colors the mode of action. When the sentiments of the activists a re brought outside the bounds of the special interest group and into deliberation areas known as arenas of decision, there are many questions of policy that are fought out within vaguely bounded arenas in which the activists concerned are clustered. It is during these times that members of the House and Senate with jurisdiction for these matters can have a shopping period in the marketplace of special interest policies where they can either ignore or assume the role of crusader. As for the struggle for opinions to be heard during these periods, it is as if there were no elections or no concern about the nature of public opinion; whether views of the groups are valued or not is dependent on the balance of party control within each arena. In addition, there are also public corybantics by pressure organizations that run parallel to the efforts in the congressionalShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Role of Special Interest Groups in American Politics1371 Words   |  6 Pages THE ROLE OF SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICAN POLITICS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Like political parties, pressure groups can be considered another system that connects the citizen more directly to government. However, at the same instant there are marked differences in both composition and function that define interest groups as different entities from larger political parties. According to V.O. Key Jr. in a composition appropriately entitled Pressure Groups; pressure groups â€Å"Ordinarily†¦Read MoreAmerica Is Known For Its Freedom Of Speech1682 Words   |  7 Pagesknown for its freedom of speech. The dynamics of the American political system gives the American people a voice in what goes on in the government. The right to vote gives all citizens the opportunity to vote on various positions in the government and local areas. Political parties perform a number of functions for the American political system. The functions and components of political parties, interest group activity, electoral politics, public opinion, poli tical participation, and politicalRead MoreThe Policy Process1582 Words   |  7 Pages(Metagora, 1995). In the policy process there are many different models that explain the process. â€Å"One of the oldest and most common approaches to the study of policy- making derives from the early work of H. Lasswell (1951)†. H. Lasswell was an American political scientist who was known as the first to have taken into account and analyzed policy as a process. The most common model and the one H. Lasswell helped build is known as the stages model of policy. There are six stages within this modelRead MoreTackling Environmental Problems Today Is More Difficult997 Words   |  4 Pagesproblems of politics†. (Turin) This posturing has become a major issue for society and could lead to dire consequences in the future. It is time for us to come together and address the issues of political influence, in order for us to have a meaningful conversation we must discussion the influence of special interest groups, understand how politicians manipulate and use false authority to push agendas an d also discover the importance of citizen involvement. Lobbyists for special interest are hiredRead MoreAmeric The People, For The Corporations1738 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Corporate money in politics has become an increasingly prominent issue in the political spectrum of the United States after the 2010 Citizens United Supreme Court decision which lifted the cap on political contributions from corporations, thus increasing the influence companies have on the US electoral process (Shekar 71). This controversial court case brought the issue of non-voter influence on elected officials to the political stage and gave worry to many Americans who sought equal representationRead MorePresidential Election : Clinton Vs. Trump1285 Words   |  6 PagesClinton vs. Trump: Two Different People, Two Different Americas During the 2016 Presidential campaign between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump, there were many campaign advertisements from both sides that strongly resonated with voters. Clinton’s role model ad, for example, sent a powerful message by illustrating Trump’s substandard behavior as a presidential candidate. On the other hand, Trump’s â€Å"Hillary Clinton won t Change Washington† ad demonstrated Clinton’s ineffectiveness as a leader as wellRead MoreFactionalism in America Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesIn discussing the problems surrounding the issue of factionalism in American society, James Madison concluded in Federalist #10, The inference to which we are brought is that the causes of cannot be removed and that relief is only to be sought in the means of controlling its effects. (Federalist Papers 1999, 75) In many ways, the nature of American politics has revolved around this question since our countrys birth. What is the relationship between p arties and government? 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The Need for Protecting the Environment Free Essays

Environment, the word is a bit common, everything that surrounds us consist of our environment. We can say that environment is something which provides us everything. But can you think of a single thing we do for our environment ? The answer would most probably be NO. We will write a custom essay sample on The Need for Protecting the Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today we humans hardly care what would be the effects of it on our environment. For thousands of years man has exploited the environment in the name is development and in return we humans defile it and pollute it. We are cutting trees at a large scale which is leading to higher levels of Carbon Dioxide in the atmosphere. We kill animals for their skin and that in turn is disturbing the food web which causes unbalance in the nature. We can see that every little thing we did and we are doing is ultimately causing harm to us. Increasing levels of CO2, depletion of ozone layer, global warning, floods, droughts, earthquakes and all these things are gifted by us to our precious and priceless environment. If we go on exploiting our environment in the name of our use and needs, we are certainly inviting destruction and disasters . Be it forests, naturals resources, water, soil, rain, mountains, flora or fauna, we have destroyed it all . The point is not that how much wrong we have done and how much right we need to do now but simple actions such as planting trees can help us a lot. One does not need to be a great environmentalist or ecologist it protect our environment, it is simply human instinct. How to cite The Need for Protecting the Environment, Papers

Applied Economics Australian Bureau of Statistics

Question: Discuss about theApplied Economics for Australian Bureau of Statistics. Answer: The AE is one of the known methods utilized in the computation of the total sum of all the economic activities in Australia economy otherwise known as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The GDP is significant since it is a measure of the economic growth and it is arrived at by calculation using the Aggregate Expenditure Model shown below which shows the graphing of the real-, potential GPD and the equilibrium point (Y*). Introduction Based on the data drawn from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), this paper seeks to undertake a deeper examination of the contribution of all the various components of aggregate expenditure in the Australian economy since 2009. Anchored on the same information, a keen consideration of where the Australian economy might presently be in the business cycle is made as well as a presentation of a comprehensive analysis premised on aggregate demand (AD) alongside aggregate supply (AS) is offered. Finally, a brief consideration of the policy implications of Australian economy position in the business cycle is also dispensed. Understanding Components of Aggregate Expenditure (AE) in Australia The components of AE in Australia comprise of household consumption, government purchase, net exports (exports-imports) and business investments. The consumption in this case is the household consumption over a given period while government purchase is the expenditure amount by government which comprises transfers and infrastructure that raise the total spending in the economy. The net exports is the total exports less the total imports. Business investment describes the purchase of real capital which is utilized in the production of its products and services (Makin, 2010). Even though many a great proportion of individuals regard investment as purchase of securities compromising stocks and bonds, this money is eventually utilized by companies in the production of commodities. Otherwise, financial instruments would never earn any ROI lest such cash is used to generate income from real services and goods. The AE is the summation of total spending on the Australian economys total output, therefore, imports are deducted from exports as the amount spent on imported goods or services is the amount which is not spent on the output of the economy. The AE is, therefore, given by Consumption plus Investment plus Government purchases plus Net Exports (exports-imports). The equation for aggregate expenditure becomes Y=C+I+G+(X-M) = Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Comparing Aggregate Expenditure to GDP Discussing the Contributions of Each Component of AE Household Consumption The household consumption in Australia is headed by older individuals who have increased their share of total expenditure over the previous two decades depicting both an ageing population as well as arising average expenditure of the older individuals relative to the rest of the household. The spending in Australia is equally distributed relative to income crossways households as a result of older peoples ability to borrow as well as save concurrently. Nevertheless, the consumption disparity in Australian has been little altered notwithstanding a rise in income disparity over the recent decades. Both disposable income and real per capita consumption in Australia have grown by a mean of close to two percent yearly right from the early 1980s. Nevertheless, the aggregate patterns can mask significant alterations in the spending and income distribution crossways households over time. The recently released ABS new distributional data on household income and consumption for the year 2009/10 integrated the household-level information drawn from the Household Expenditures Survey (HES) as well as the Survey of Income and Housing (SIH) for the first time with the aggregate data from the national accounts (Mankiw, 2010). The information published were consistent with the national accounts relating to household consumption and income distribution. Government Spending Government of Australia intervene in the economy to accomplish various policy outcomes such as dealing with market failures and improvement of social equity via redistribution of the resources. The Australian government uses the direct expenditure as a fundamental mechanism for policy implementation. The government of Australia uses a transparent spending framework which better allows the community to hold them accountable for their policies and decisions. The public expenditure and statistical discrepancy can be illustrated in the table below based on the consumption percentages. Federal public State and local Federal public State and public Statistical discrepancy GDP Mar-2009 0.0 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -1.0 0.8 Jun-2009 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 -0.4 0.7 Sep-2009 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.3 Dec-2009 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.9 From the above table, it is acknowledged that federal public investment negatively contributed to the total spending over the critical March 2009 quarter. This can be shown as -0.1. The total public expenditure arose consequently following the worst of the GFC had elapsed as a result of administrative delays in the implementation of infrastructure of the expenditure. The above figure indicates that the net contributions of consumption summing up to 0.4 percent was inadequate to counterbalance the negative contributions from the investment of 0.6% as remained inferior to the contribution from the net export of 2.1% (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010). The negative 0.1% indicates the statistical discrepancy between the GDP measured by Aggregate Expenditure and the GDP (A) measure in the March 2009 quarter being very vast by historical standards. Accordingly, there was an overstatement of measured expenditure compared to measured production. With the knowledge of magnitude of this discrepancy, a daunting doubt is cast regarding the vigorousness of the GDP (E) series from March quarter. Nonetheless, such a specific GDP series is critical to accomplishing the positive real GDP (A) outcome which validates the claim that Australia economy evaded recession at the particular time. Business Investment The above table also indicates that public investment by State and Local government adversely contributed to the aggregate expenditure in March 2009 quarters shown by -0.2. Net Exports (Exports less Imports) As witnessed in March 2009 quarters, it was clear that net export was the major contributor to the Australian GDP growth. The net exports detracted from real spending growth in quarters prior to and following the GFC struck. The explanation for this strong net Australian export outcome is the sustained real exchange rate depreciation of more than twenty-five percent in trade weighted terms during the March 2009. Such a depreciation resulted to a cheap export sustainability for the overseas buyers whereas the imports became expensive for the local consumers. A sustained demand for goods and services from known Asian Australian partners including China over the same period. Business Cycle The business cycle is a key factor of the government spending as stabilize function of the business cycle raises the government spending to offset losses in the AE. For instance, the creation of the new government infrastructure projections during the troughs or the downturns. The automatic changes as a result of business cycles will automatically dictate the levels of government spending in certain areas. The low economic activity such as troughs and downturns contribute to increased levels of unemployment leading to higher government spending on social security and welfare besides more funding being needed for augmented pressures on the public facilities like public hospitals as well as public education systems. To examine the state of the Australian economy in the business cycle, we can start by look at the unemployment rate. This rate has risen slowly over the past couple of years to a degree which is high compared to its recent history. There is ae consistent with the below-trend growth of economic activities over the period. The growth of this trading period is probably to remain below the trend. Nevertheless, the forecast indicates growth will pick-up slowly to an above-trend speed this year. Signs exist indicating better growth in certain parts of the non-mining economy, which is supported by the low degree of rates of interest. When the economic activity is being measured, a keen attention is focused on the aggregate GDP which is relevant provided that it is a detailed measure of the activity from the national accounts. The records of the June quarter as reflected in the national accounts recognized a rise in GDP growth over the previous financial year to a speed which was close to trend. March Qtr to June Qtr 2016 % change June Qtr 2015 to June Qtr 2016 GDP Chain Volume: Trend Seasonally adjusted 0.7 0.5 3.1 Final consumption spending (chain volume measure) Trend Seasonally adjusted 0.8 0.8 3.2 3.2 Gross fixed capital formation (chain volume measure) Trend Seasonally adjusted - - -3.4 -4.5 GDP chain price index: Original 0.9 0.3 Terms of Trade: Seasonally adjusted 2.3 -5.4 Real net national disposable income Trend Seasonally adjusted 1.0 0.6 2.1 2.3 Nevertheless, the latest annual national accounts data released integrated a downturn revision to the GDP growth to 2.5 percent in the year-average terms for 2013/2014. Such a rate was similar to the previous year but a bit below trend as well as being aligned to the projections. It was noted that the origin of such a downturn revision remained less growth of export volumes compared to the previous estimations despite export growth still remaining strong. Examining latest quarters, the assessment of a wide range of timely indicators of activity shows that there is a maintained moderate pace of growth witnessed in the June quarter which was 0.5 percent in accordance with the quarterly national accounts. The implication or suggestion of this in general is that growth has remained below trend for the previous two years and even more. When the measure of mining as well as non- mining activity is examined, the underlying trend of growth of aggregate economic activity cab be ascertained. Some significant discrepancies crossways the mining as well as non-mining sectors have been noted. Such differences are appropriate to comprehending the present state of the business cycle as well as the prospects for the Australian economy growth (Australian Bureau of Statistics). The economy of Australia is well known to be in the midst of the transition from the investment stage to the production stage of the resource boom. The mining investment gas been diminishing for about two annum now. Concurrently, exports of resources have arose essentially as investment projects hit completion. Continued rise in export volumes remain in prospect, especially as liquefied natural gas projects start to ramp up production. Nevertheless, due to the production stage of the boom requiring much less labor compared to investment stage, this transition remain freeing up labor from the resource as well as resource-associated activities. With this recognition at hand, there is a sense to consider the GDP growth without resource exports which has picked up over 2013/2014. However, it still remain below its historical mean. This depicts the diminishing mining investment and hence the mining investment is set to decrease rapidly in the future. Based on the household consumption at this business cycle phase, it is natural to get worried regarding the possibility that consumption will be weighed downwards by the gradual growth in household incomes, propelled consequently by the subdued state of the labor market (Abel, Bernanke and Croushore, 2007). It is rational to say that stronger growth of employment as well as wages would give more support for the consumption. Nonetheless, such a dynamic always kicks in later in the business cycle. Meanwhile, it is reasonable to anticipate that a low rate of interest will guarantee and encourage households to shift certain spending from the upcoming to present including through higher prices of assets. Accordingly, a decline in the disposable income share saved by household will be witnessed through a lower ration of saving. References Abel, A., Bernanke, B. and Croushore, D. (2007) Macroeconomics 6th ed Addison Wesley, New York. Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods, Catalogue 5216, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian National Accounts: National Income, Product and Expenditure, Catalogue 5306, Makin, A. (2010) How Should Macroeconomic Policy Respond to Foreign Financial Crises? Economic Papers 29(2), 1-10. Mankiw, G. (2010) Macroeconomics, 7th ed, Worth, New York. Reserve Bank of Australia (2010) Statistical Tables.Available at https://www.rba.gov.au/statistics/index.html

Please suggest parts that I can cut out as it is t Essays

Please suggest parts that I can cut out as it is too long at the moment. Dulce et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth By Sanya Dua Modern responders can gain insight into the concerns of World War 1 through an appreciation of texts written during that time. "Dulce et Decorum Est" and "Anthem for Doomed Youth", both written in 1917 by World War I veteran, Wilfred Owen typify wartime poems. His literature highlights the contextual issues of his society such as anti-war sentiment, the horrors of war and the erosion of religious faith. Owen's work ultimately allows us to gain a deeper appreciation of the brutality of war and for those who fought, lived and suffered through it. "Dulce et Decorum Est" and " Anthem for Doomed Youth" both capture the anti-war sentiment that grew as a result of the widespread death and suffering. Owen explores the futility of war by highlighting the pointlessness of deaths that occur, through the rhetorical question and simile, "What passing bells for those who die as cattle." This degrades the lives of soldier to the same level as cattle as they are being slaughtered for others gain. Personification is used in, the monstrous anger of guns' to underscore the potential for weapons to deliver horrific damage to the lives of soldiers which fuelled the worries and concerns of their families back home. Owen continues to depict the declining support for the war in "Dulce et Decorum Est" through the use of second person to address those who would encourage young men to give up their lives for their country as illustrated in "my friend, you would not tell with such high zest". The use of "my friend" is ironic and betrays his anger as h e holds these people accountable for what he and so many others has had to endure and claims that if only they were to witness the atrocities of war then they would realise the extent of the "old Lie". Thus, the ideas that Owen presents to readers in his poem act to reinforce the futility of war by highlighting the eroding support for the war that was present in the context of the 1910s. The brutal nature of World War I was one of the main reasons behind society's concern with the conflict. Owen uses "Dulce et Decorum Est" to explore the horrors of war by capturing the concerns of those involved. Owen depicts the poor physical condition of the men, "bent double, like old beggars under sacks." This simile demonstrates how dirty and unhealthy the soldiers appear. They are compared to "old beggars" which highlights how the men have been aged prematurely by their experiences. Owen also uses imagery to make comments on the terrible mental effects that the war has on the men, "drunk with fatigue". This helps convey the exhaustion that the men had to endure and throws into sharp relief the hardships and suffering of the men. Owen conveys how depressing war can be in "Anthem for doomed youth" through the use of an comparison in "but in their eyes shall shine the holy glimmers of good byes. The pallor of girls' shall be their pall." Through this he illustrates the families' reactions to the death of loved ones. The dead soldiers do not get to be honoured; all their families and friends can do is grieve at the sorrowful news. These notions of pain and suffering are shown by Owen to be the driving force behind the contextual concern with the atrocities of war. Owen explains how the burden of World War I eroded the religious faith of those fighting for their country. During a time when religion played an integral role in everyday life, "Anthem of Doomed Youth" casts doubt on the importance of faith. Owen conveys his own loss of faith by highlighting the pointless religious mourning that follows every death by using a rhetorical question, What candles may be held to speed them all?' The candles are symbolic of religious tradition and are depicted as redundant. The idea of declining religion and loss of faith is carried into many of Owen's other works including "Dulce Et Decorum Est." Here the poet employs religious imagery to

Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets

â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† This particular literary work utilizes the theme of Chinese-American life, focusing mainly on a mother-daughter relationship where the mother is an immigrant from China and the daughter is thoroughly Americanized- yellow on the surface and white underneath. The mother tries to convey their rich history and legacy to Jing-Mei, who is almost completely ignorant of their heritage, while the daughter attempts to understand her hopelessly old-fashioned mother, who now seems to harbor a secret wisdom, who in the end, is right about everything all along. Although she is not born and raised in China, as her mother, Jing Mei Woo now has a better understanding of she and her mother’s life. When her mother tells her that she would come of a realization of her Chinese blood, she does not believe it. Living in San Francisco, she had at age fifteen, â€Å"vigorously denied that I had and Chinese whatsoever below my skin†(pg. 168). When her mother speaks of Jing Mei someday understanding where she comes from, Jing Mei as a teenager has vivid imaginations of herself somehow mutating into someone of Chinese orientation. Now she is thirty-six years old. As in real life, maturity occurs from adolescence to adulthood. Jing Mei’s mother has passed away. It isn’t until then that she finally realizes that, â€Å"I have never really known what it really means to be Chinese† (pg. 169). It is at this point that the reader begins to see that Jing Mei is becoming a dynamic character. She has waited a long time to connect with her Chinese heritage. It is only after learning that she has two half-sisters, and of her mother’s wish for them to som eday be united, that Jing-Mei is willing to visit China. Her demeanor transforms from not wanting to know of her Chinese heritage growing up, to possessing a profound interest in the matter as an adult. When they arrive in China, Jing Mei starts to feel that, â€Å"Maybe it is ... Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets 1. â€Å"A Pair Of Tickets† 1989 2. Born in Oakland, CA 1952, author Amy Tan wrote her very first novel â€Å"The Joy Luck Club†, which went on to become a critical success and a best seller. 3. During the war in 1944, Suyuan Woo was subjected to great tragedy. With her twin infants she fled on foot from their home in Kweilin as soon as she learned the Japanese were coming to invade and capture. For many torturous days Suyuan carried her babies with the hope of reaching ChungKing where her husband was stationed. Injured, ill, and exhausted Suyuan knew her body would soon give up and die. She did not want to see her babies suffer and slowly die so she forced herself to abandon the girls, not even a year old, on a road with hope of some caring person finding them to give them the life that she felt she could not. She continued walking with death beside her until she fainted. When she woke she was in a truck driven by rescuers headed toward ChungKing. She went to her husband’s station only to learn that he had been killed two weeks earlier. She become delirious and mad. Hospitalized, she met her future husband Canning Woo. They would later movie to the United States a nd bore one daughter, Jing-Mei. Over 40-years had passed since 1944 and Suyuan was still in search of her Chinese twins. Suyuan passed away without ever knowing her twins, but her hope never died. 4. Descriptions of other character’s in â€Å"A Pair Of Tickets† are as follows:  « Auntie Lindo is an old friend of Suyuan. Auntie Lindo, Auntie Ying, Auntie An-Mei, and Suyuan were all members of The Joy Luck Club.  « Chwun Yu and Chwun Hwa are the twin daughters abandoned by their mother Suyuan in 1944.  « Canning Woo is 72-years old and Suyuan’s current husband. Together they have one daughter named Jing-Mei. Canning’s aunt Aiyi nicknamed him â€Å"Little Wild Goose† when he was a boy. In China the nickname serves as a baby milk name, which is used to discourage ghosts... Free Essays on A Pair Of Tickets â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† This particular literary work utilizes the theme of Chinese-American life, focusing mainly on a mother-daughter relationship where the mother is an immigrant from China and the daughter is thoroughly Americanized- yellow on the surface and white underneath. The mother tries to convey their rich history and legacy to Jing-Mei, who is almost completely ignorant of their heritage, while the daughter attempts to understand her hopelessly old-fashioned mother, who now seems to harbor a secret wisdom, who in the end, is right about everything all along. Although she is not born and raised in China, as her mother, Jing Mei Woo now has a better understanding of she and her mother’s life. When her mother tells her that she would come of a realization of her Chinese blood, she does not believe it. Living in San Francisco, she had at age fifteen, â€Å"vigorously denied that I had and Chinese whatsoever below my skin†(pg. 168). When her mother speaks of Jing Mei someday understanding where she comes from, Jing Mei as a teenager has vivid imaginations of herself somehow mutating into someone of Chinese orientation. Now she is thirty-six years old. As in real life, maturity occurs from adolescence to adulthood. Jing Mei’s mother has passed away. It isn’t until then that she finally realizes that, â€Å"I have never really known what it really means to be Chinese† (pg. 169). It is at this point that the reader begins to see that Jing Mei is becoming a dynamic character. She has waited a long time to connect with her Chinese heritage. It is only after learning that she has two half-sisters, and of her mother’s wish for them to so meday be united, that Jing-Mei is willing to visit China. Her demeanor transforms from not wanting to know of her Chinese heritage growing up, to possessing a profound interest in the matter as an adult. When they arrive in China, Jing Mei starts to feel that, â€Å"Maybe it is ...

Human resources Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human resources - Case Study Example The wage rates of the people marked on an industry-average basis are evaluated in terms of piece-rate system relating more to the Production workers where pieces produced by each individual are noted. Basic Workers are also rendered yearly bonuses that also depend on their merit or performance rates. The compensation program of Lincoln Electric can be enhanced through introduction of non-financial benefits like Training and Job Recognition programs and yearly Compensation Cost attributed likewise is furnished to employees (The Lincoln Electric Company, n.d., p. 569-570). Compensation package of Southwest Airlines is however found to comprise of a basic pay which is below the industry average. Additions are rendered to Basic Wages in the form of Profit and Stock Sharing endeavors where employees are rendered a part of the company’s yearly profits along with encouraging them to purchase shares of the concern. The people procure shares through allocation of profits or through a d eduction in their pays. Other performance recognition and reward programs are also generated financial or non-financial in nature to enhance the Total Compensation Package. ... 586-587). Benefits and Services The Benefits and Services rendered should be properly planned and executed by the organization to match the demands and aspirations of the employees through the process of employee surveys. Innovation must be rendered to as to the type and range of benefits and enhancement would be rendered through comparison based on industry standards. In the process of surveys and decision-making ventures related to benefit planning both the employees and the union bodies must be taken into consideration. Finally having decided on the benefits based on the cost structure it must be adequately communicated to the beneficiaries to help them optimize and gain on present and future opportunities (Sims, 2007, p.484-485). Range of benefits and services rendered to the staffs in Lincoln Electric contain both financial and non-financial categories. In financial category benefits related to medical insurance and retirement financing schemes are on the cards. Non-financial be nefits consist of meals obtained from the office cafeteria at concessional or discounted rates. Again the employees receive insurance for disability or accidental reasons from the Employee Association body. The company also renders right to older employees to procure stocks of the company wherein they gain on dividends same like the external shareholders. However the executives of the company are devoid of other perks like parking facilities and reserved washrooms and eating zones (The Lincoln Electric Company, n.d., p. 571-572). Southwest Airlines is also found to render a host of benefits to the employees both financial and non-financial in nature. The financial benefits that consist of a range of insurance benefits related to medical, life, disability, mental needs and

Film Reaction Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film Reaction - Movie Review Example Sauri replaces his father as leader and Kumaglak's favorite Tulimaq is cursed. The film illustrates how lust for power and personal advancement can divide a community and cause pain, suffering, and untimely death. It demonstrates the law of attraction, how humans can bring evil on themselves and others by harboring bad thoughts. The role of a shaman is not necessarily always a good one in terms of having positive intentions and effects. The film illustrates the nature of the spirit world which also reflects the thoughts, emotions and actions of those living in the physical world. Kumaglak's wife Panikpak takes pity on Tulimaq's poor family. After years of discontent and discord under Sauri's despotic leadership, Tulimaq's sons Amajuaq, the Strong One and Atanarjuat, the Fast Runner, grow up to be skilled hunters and rebels. Atanarjuat falls for Atuat, the betrothed of Sauri's ill-tempered, jealous son Oki. The plot is full of intrigues and the seed of discontent and malice is passed down to the next generation. Oki loses a head punching competition to which he challenges Atanarjuat. But the two young men's battle is also a battle of spirits. The deceased shaman Kumaglak's spirit, summoned by the elder Panikpak, protects Atanarjuat and brings him victory. This is an example that death does not end spirit matters; the power of the spirit persists beyond the physical world and can traverse across world to make its influence felt. The story addresses taboos and breaks them, telling of Puja, Atanarjuat's troublesome second wife, sleeping with her brother-in-law Amajuaq. This causes a deep rift between the brothers. The lack of forgiveness is another spiritual wound, both for the person who refuses to forgive and the one who is refused forgiveness. Puja sets the two brothers up and they are attacked while they sleep by Oki and his friends. They murder Amajuaq, who urges Atanarjuat to flee. There's a parallel here to other myths and spiritual traditions, the lesser brother is elevated to spiritual heights just as Joseph was after being sold by his jealous brothers, or Jacob, or even young David who killed Goliath and became king. Atanarjuat is helped by a spirit to soar over a wide crack and escape Oki. He is aided by Qulitalik, Panikpak's brother who escaped the evil camp with Kumaglak's rabbit foot, the symbol and embodiment of the shaman leader's spirit. This is a good example of the material instruments and p ower objects that shamans use. Qulitalik recognizes Atanarjuat's need to heal spiritually and emotionally and sends him on a spiritual path, collecting animal droppings in a shit bag and with the aid of the rabbit foot, Kumaglak's tool. Qulitaik's role is much like the assistants who help apprentice shamans find their path and accept their destiny. Picking up feces is like holding on to emotional refuse. It is senseless and unhealthy. Atanarjuat has troubling visions, but finally comes to terms with his past and forgives his brother. Forgiveness is the key to his healing and opens the way to healing for the community, too. Atanarjuat has a vision in which his heart is pierced by the evil shaman. This is a highly symbolic event. The piercing of the heart represents deep spiritual pain and potentially fatal suffering. The heart

Social psychological principles of prejudice and attitudes

Social psychological principles of prejudice and attitudes Many people believe prejudice and discrimination mean the same thing .In fact there is a very important difference between them. Prejudice is an attitude, whereas discrimination refers to the behaviour or action. If someone dislikes a given minority, but does not allow this dislike to effect their behaviour then the person shows prejudice but not discrimination. According to Baron and Byrne (1991) prejudice is an attitude towards the member of some group based solely on their membership in that group. In contrast discrimination involves negative action directed at the member of the group. Allport (1954) argued that there are five different stages of discrimination. Anti-location: Verbal attacks are directed against some other group. Avoidance: the other group is systematically avoided. Discrimination: the other group is deliberately treated less well than other groups in term of civil rights. Physical attack: Membership of the other group are attacked and their property is destroyed. Extermination: there are deliberate attempts to kill all members of the other group. The word prejudice can be broken down in to pre (meaning before) and judice (meaning judgement). Therefore to be prejudice towards an individual or group shows a pre-judge of that individual or group. There are three elements to prejudice. Cognitive element: This involves the beliefs held about the group. These beliefs will be in the form of stereotyping, common but over simple views of what particular groups of people are like. The affective element: This involves the feelings experienced in response to the group. If we are prejudiced against a group we may experience anger, fear, hate or disgust when we encounter a member of that group. The behavioural element: This consists of our actions toward the object of our prejudice. Behaving differently towards people based on their membership of a group is called discrimination. Our actions against members of a group against which we hold a prejudice can rang from avoidance and verbal criticism to mass extermination. Psychological approach to explain prejudice falls in to two broad areas. Social approach centres on the social factors that contribute to prejudice in general. Whereas individual differences approaches centres on what factors make some people more prone to prejudice. Tajel and Turner (1979) proposed the social identity theory. This theory is one of a group of theoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s that share the assumption that prejudice can be explained by our tendency to identify ourselves as part of a group and to classify other people as either within or outside that group. Tajfel and Turner carried out a number of laboratory experiment called the minimal group Tajfel (1970) carried out an experiment to look at intergroup discrimination. To test his theory sixty four schoolboys aged between 14 and 15 year old were selected. The participants were initially informed that the experiment was research investigating vision. The boys were shown clusters of dots on a screen and asked to estimate the number of dots on the picture. The participants were then divided in to two groups group A and group B. Group A was classified as boys that had underestimated the amount of dots and group B was those boys who had overestimated the amount of dots. The boys were then given a number of tasks in which they would allocate points to each other. Each boy did not know who they were allocating points to but they did know which group the boy belonged to three conditions were used as part of this experiment condition one the choice was between two boys from group A the second condition was two boys from group B and the last condition used one boy from each group. What Tajfel identified as part of this research was that the boys overwhelmingly chose to allocate points to the boys who had been indentified as in the same group as themselves. Despite the fact that there was no direct competition between the two groups the participants consistently displayed favouritism towards the boys from the same group. Ellis and Fox (2001) also carried out research in to prejudice and discrimination looking effect of self-identification sexual orientation on helping behaviour. This research involves 235 British men and women were telephone at home. The caller explained that they had dialled the wrong number and that they had no more change to make a further call and asked if the participant would relay a message to the callerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s partner. In the experimental condition the callers partner was identified as the same sex as the caller, and in the controlled condition they were identified as the opposite sex. The finding shoed that overall both gay man and lesbians were less likely to receive help than heterosexuals. Women were also more to receive help than men. The final conclusion to the research showed that people were less likely to offer help to a gay men who found themselves in difficulty. This showed prejudice and discrimination towards gay men. When discussing prejudice or discrimination, stereotyping also needs to be examined Stewart et al. (1979) described stereotyping as a process not only used to simplify environmental and social stimuli, but one that also aids the construction of meaning to those stimuli based on attribution expectations. Whereas Taguirs (1969) defined stereotyping as the tendency to place a person in a category according to some easily and quickly identifiable characteristic such as age, sex, ethic membership, nationality or occupation, and then to attribute to them qualities believed to be typical of a member of that category. Stereotypes seem to provide a simple and economical; way of perceiving the world. In the late 1800s male Chinese immigrants were brought to the U.S. to work on the railroads and as agricultural labours on the West Coast many specialized in laundry services. Some came willingly others were basically kidnapped and brought forcibly. After the transcontinental railroad was completed and it occurred to white Americans that the Chinese workers were still around and might compete with them for jobs, a wave of anti-Chinese sentiment swept the U.S. Chinese men were stereotyped as degenerate heroin addicts whose presence encouraged prostitution, gambling, and other immoral activities. Since most Chinese immigrants were brought here specifically as workers, the vast majority were male few at that time were able to bring their wives. A number of cities on the West Coast experienced riots in which whites attacked Asians and destroyed Chinese sections of town. The Seattle riot resulted in practically the entire Chinese population being rounded up and forcibly sent to San Franci sco. Similar situations in other towns encouraged Chinese workers scattered throughout the West to relocate, leading to the growth of Chinatowns in a few larger cities on the West Coast. Ac cording to Buchanan (2007) many researchers have argued that prejudice is part of human nature and that the only by confronting our authentic nature can we gain real insight into the forces that drive group conflict and learn how we might better manage and defuse such urges. Probable the first formal proposal of a set of social psychological principles for reducing prejudice was from Allportà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1954) Contact hypothesis. Prejudice may be reduced by equal status contact between majority and the minority groups in the pursuit of common goals. When people are segregated they are more likely to experience autistic hostility, that is ignorance of other which in turn results in a failure to understand the reason for their actions Lack of contact means there is no reality testing against which to checking our own interpretation of others behaviour, and in turn can enforce negative stereotyping.

Recrystallization and Melting Point Determination

Consider what happens when a solid material is placed in a solvent in which it has a low solubility. Not much! A small fraction of the solid will dissolve, but the rest will just sit there. (Actually, it doesn't just ‘sit there' since an equilibrium is in effect, with solid molecules going into solution, and an equivalent number of dissolved molecules reforming solid, but we see the same amount of undissolved material). How can we get the entire solid to dissolve? One way is to heat the solution — most materials are more soluble in hot solvent than in cold. Suppose we heat to the boiling temperature of the solvent (the highest temperature which is practical), and the entire solid goes into solution. If we now let the solution cool, what will happen? Obviously, at some temperature, the concentration of solute will exceed its solubility, and the solid will start to come back out of solution – it will crystallize. By the time we return to the initial temperature, nearly all of the original material has formed crystals, which can be removed from the solvent by filtration. Now, suppose that the original solid contained small amounts of impurities. These would go into solution as well, but since the impurities are present only in small amounts, they remain soluble when the temperature is lowered again. Thus, the crystals, which come out of solution, are more pure than the original sample. This is the essence of purification by recrystallization (Fig. 1). [pic] Figure 1: An impure solid in: (A) cold solvent in which it has low solubility, (B) solvent that has been warmed up to dissolve all of the solid, and (C) solvent that has cooled down to the original temperature. The crystallized solid is now pure, while the impurities remain in solution. Recrystallization Recrystallization is the preferred method for purification of organic solids. The technique can be used for large or small quantities of materials, and is usually very effective and efficient. The most important aspect of the recrystallization technique is the selection of the solvent. A large number of solvents are commonly used for recrystallization of organic compounds. Among these are water, ethanol, ethyl ether, and hexane to name just a few. A solvent, which works beautifully for one recrystallization, may be totally unsuitable for purification of a different compound – the choice for recrystallization solvent is made on a case-by-case basis. This is because of the variation of solubility of different organic compounds in these solvents. We can identify a set of characteristics which are desirable for a recrystallization solvent: 1. The substance to be purified must have a high solubility in the solvent at its boiling point, and a significantly diminished solubility at lower temperatures (limited only by the freezing temperature of the solvent). Obviously, the first part is necessary so that you can get the material into solution, and the second part is required so that the purified compound will come back out of solution. 2. The solvent should dissolve the impurities at all temperatures. Actually, its OK if the impurity dissolves readily or doesn't dissolve at all, as we'll see. The important point here is that purification will be accomplished only if the impurities remain in solution as the mixture is cooled. This isn't too hard to accomplish if the amount of impurity is small. Obviously, it's a bit more difficult if a large amount of an impurity is present, but if the solubility characteristics of the desired substance are sufficiently different from the impurity, as is often the case, a suitable solvent can usually be found. 3. The solvent must not react with the substance to be purified. It's hard to get your compound to come back out of solution when it is consumed by a reaction. 4. A reasonably volatile solvent is preferred. This consideration is dictated by the need to ultimately remove traces of solvent from the crystals, and this is most easily accomplished by evaporation, either at room temperature or in an oven. Even with an oven to aid in the drying, only moderate temperatures can be used, since you should stay below the melting temperature of the solid, and definitely below temperatures where the material will decompose. Generally speaking, solvents with boiling temperatures below ~150 °C are OK. 5. Ideally, the solvent should be inexpensive, non-toxic, and non-flammable. These are not absolutely required, but desirable characteristics, which can help to determine the choice of a solvent. Obviously, water is an ideal choice based on these criteria, and is the preferred solvent if it satisfies conditions 1-4. How does one go about choosing the proper solvent? If you are dealing with a known compound, it makes sense to use solvents that have been used before. You can go to the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (printed or online), and frequently a solvent suitable for recrystallization will be indicated. This may show up in two places: First, in the column headed â€Å"color, crystalline form† is often listed the solvent used to obtain the crystals in question. Otherwise, you can move to the columns near the right-hand side of the page, which deal with solubility. The CRC has changed its presentation of solubility data over the years. For this purpose, the older editions (before 1980) are significantly better than the recent ones. Whereas the new editions simply list solvents in which the compound is soluble, the older ones provide more information, which can be useful in selecting a crystallization solvent. Qualitative indicators for solubility in various solvents range from i (insoluble), d (slightly), s (soluble), to v (very). Especially useful is the fact that some solvents are given two listings, one for hot solvent, the other for cold. What if you are working with a brand-new compound, which is often the case? Here, the only thing to do is try different solvents. The choice of solvents is often more art than science – everybody has their personal favorites based on their own experience, but those mentioned above are typical solvents to try. A small amount of the solid is placed in a test-tube and a few drops of cold solvent are added. If the solid dissolves, you can forget this solvent – you need low solubility at low temperature. If the solid remains, so far, so good, but this is only the beginning. Now the sample is warmed to the boiling point. If the solid dissolves, things look good. The next test is to let this solution cool, and to see if nice crystals actually form. If they do, you're in luck. Further tests with this solvent on larger samples of material can then determine whether the desired degree if purification is achieved, and if the loss of material is acceptable. Sometimes, though, no crystals form. This may be a problem with the rate of crystal nucleation – that event where the first few molecules get together to form the growing crystal. A trick which often works in this case is to take a glass rod and rub vigorously the wall of the test-tube just below the solvent surface. Often, this will stimulate crystal formation, presumably because some of the microscopic scratches serve as nucleation sites. Alternatively, the solution can be ‘seeded' with a few tiny crystals of the substance (if these are available), and then to allow the solution to stand undisturbed until crystal formation is complete. If no crystals form, you must consider the possibility that the substance is too soluble in this solvent, and the fact that it did not dissolve at first may simply be because it dissolves very slowly. If this is the case, it's back to the drawing board with a new solvent. A not-uncommon result is for the solute to separate from solution as an oil which will not crystallize. This annoying situation arises particularly for low-melting solids and frequently results when the solution becomes saturated at a temperature higher than the melting point of the solute. A remedy which is often effective is to ensure that separation does not occur until the solution has cooled below this melting temperature, either by using more solvent or by switching to a different solvent. Once this is settled, scratching and/or seeding are often helpful for obtaining crystalline product. Quite often, a single solvent which gives suitable results cannot be identified. In such cases, the use of mixed solvents (solvent pair) is often successful. Two solvents are chosen, one which dissolves the substance readily, and another in which the solute is only sparingly soluble. Note that the two solvents must be completely miscible. The usual procedure is to dissolve the crude solid in the better solvent at its boiling point, and to add the weaker solvent dropwise until a faint cloudiness persists, indicating that the solute is starting to come out of solution. A few drops more of the better solvent are then added to put the solute back into solution, and the mixture is allowed to cool to effect crystallization. Typical solvent pairs are water and ethanol, or hexane and benzene, where the ‘weaker' solvent is listed first. These mixed solvent systems are interesting — it seems that the solubility characteristics of the better solvent dominate at higher temperatures, while the mixture behaves more like the weaker solvent at lower temperatures. Once the crystallization solvent is chosen, consideration can be given to other features of the crystallization process. The idea is to maximize the recovery of purified compound. Enough solvent must be used to keep the impurities in solution, but if an excessive amount of solvent is used, a large part of the desired compound will remain in solution, and the recovery will be low. For this reason, the minimum amount of hot solvent which will dissolve the desired compound should be used. It is possible to further improve the recovery of material by harvesting a ‘second crop' of crystals. After the purified crystals have been separated by filtration, the filtrate (called the ‘mother liquor') is concentrated by evaporation of ~1/2 – 2/3 of the solvent. On cooling, more of the compound will crystallize, and this can be isolated by filtration. The purity of these crystals is generally not as good as the original crop, since the concentration of the contaminants in the mother liquor is always increasing. The proper apparatus for recrystallization is the Erlenmeyer flask. A beaker is not appropriate. The shape of the Erlenmeyer flask allows swirling of the mixture without sloshing, and the conical walls tend to condense and return refluxing solvent. The flask should not be overfilled – about 60% of the listed capacity is the maximum, and so the flask volume should be chosen accordingly. Decolorizing a Solution and Hot Filtration Special problems are posed by insoluble impurities and highly colored, resinous contaminants. The best way to remove insoluble material is to filter the hot mixture, while the desired material is dissolved. Insoluble debris will be trapped on the filter paper. The colored, resinous impurities are usually large, relatively polar organic molecules which have a strong tendency to be adsorbed on surfaces. Crystals grown from solutions containing such resins are often discolored by surface contamination by these materials, and it is therefore desirable to also remove them from the solution before recrystallization. They can be taken care of by addition of a small amount of powdered, activated charcoal (Norit ® or Darco ®, also decolorizing carbon) to the hot solution before filtering. Decolorizing carbon has a huge surface area, and readily absorbs the colored impurities. The hot filtration then removes the charcoal; the filtrate, now free of this contamination, is allowed to cool and deposit crystals. The decolorizing/hot filtration procedure requires some care. First, the addition of the powdered charcoal to hot solvent can cause a vigorous foaming which may result in loss of some of the solution. This can be avoided if the hot solution is allowed to cool for 15-20 seconds, and the charcoal is added cautiously. Only a small amount of charcoal is required — add too much and significant amounts of the desired compound will also be absorbed, and low recovery will result. After addition of the charcoal, the mixture should be heated to a gentle boil for a few minutes, to ensure that any compound which might have precipitated during cooling is brought back into solution. Filtration of the hot mixture must be done rapidly to avoid crystallization of material on the filter paper or in the funnel. The setup depicted in Figure 2 shows how the filter can be kept hot during filtration. The speed of filtration is enhanced by the use of a ‘fluted' filter paper and a stemless funnel. ‘Fluting' a filter paper is organic chemistry origami and the process is best demonstrated in person. A fluted paper uses the entire surface area of the filter paper, and therefore filters more rapidly than the conventional conical fold. The stem of a funnel is susceptible to clogging by formation of crystals, so a stemless funnel is used. To minimize crystallization in the filter paper it is common to place a small amount of solvent in the receiving flask, and to heat this to boiling during the filtration. The hot vapors help to keep the filter warm. In addition, it is prudent to use about 10% more than the minimum amount of solvent, to account for evaporation during the heating, and to allow for the small amount of cooling which will occur. Finally, the mixture should be poured onto the filter in small portions which will filter within about 30 s, so that excessive cooling does not occur. The [pic] remainder of the mixture is kept heated until it can be poured on the filter. When all of the solvent has been filtered, it is a good idea to rinse the flask and filter with a small portion of fresh, hot solvent (~5 – 10% of the volume already used). This will help to dissolve and pass through the filter any material which has crystallized. The filtrate should be collected in an appropriately sized Erlenmeyer flask. Some crystals may have formed in the flask by the end of the filtration, but these are often very small and not well formed. They should be dissolved by warming the filtrate. The best crystals are obtained by slow cooling without agitation of the solution. Therefore, the filtrate should be placed in a spot where it can remain undisturbed as it cools. The mouth of the flask may be loosely stoppered, but this is normally not necessary. Crystal growth is normally well along by the time the mixture reaches room temperature. Further cooling in an ice-water bath will cause additional crystallization. Crystals come in a variety of shapes and sizes: long needles, blocky prisms, and flat plates are common. Slow crystal growth not only gives the most pleasing display; the product is generally purer. Too-rapid crystallization generally leads to smaller, more poorly formed (and less pure) crystals. pic] Vacuum Filtration Once crystal formation is complete, the product is isolated by vacuum filtration. This technique permits fast and efficient removal of the mother liquor. A special flat-bottomed funnel (a Buchner funnel) is used in conjunction with a heavy-walled Erlenmeyer flask with a sidearm called a filtering flask. The apparatus is illustrated below (Figure 3). A circle of filter paper, small enough to lie completely flat on the perforated base of the Buchner funnel, but large enough to cover all of the holes, is placed in the funnel, and moistened with a small amount of solvent to hold it in place. With the vacuum on, the cold crystallization mixture is poured as rapidly as possible onto the filter paper. It helps to swirl the flask a few times to loosen the crystals, and with a little bit of skill the entire mixture can be deposited on the filter, with only a few stray crystals adhering to the walls of the flask. The mother liquors are rapidly drawn into the filter flask by suction, and the crystals are squeezed dry of solvent by pressing with a clean cork while drawing air through them. Now, this procedure does not remove all of the mother liquor. Invariably, there is a film of solvent coating the surface of the crystals. Since the mother liquor contains impurities, this must be washed away with fresh solvent. The crystals are washed as follows: the suction is stopped and enough fresh, cold (why? ) solvent is added to just cover the crystals in the funnel (this solvent can be used to rinse the last few crystals out of the crystallization flask). The crystals should be stirred gently with a glass rod or a spatula so that all come in contact with the wash liquid, then the vacuum is restarted and the crystals sucked and pressed dry as before. In some cases, it may be necessary to repeat the wash a 2nd time. Air is drawn through the crystals until they are as dry as possible, at which time they are spread on a watch glass for further drying in the air or in an oven. The steps in recrystallization can be summarized: 1. Dissolve the crude material in a minimum amount of hot solvent. 2. Treat with decolorizing charcoal. 3. Filter hot solution to remove charcoal and other insoluble impurities. 4. Cool to effect crystallization 5. Filter crystals, wash to remove adhering mother liquor. 6. Dry crystals to remove last traces of solvent. Melting Point Determination Once we have purified a solid, how do we establish that the product is, in fact, pure? Undoubtedly, the simplest criterion for purity is determination of the melting point, or more accurately, the melting range. Strictly speaking, the melting point is defined as the single temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid phase of a compound is equal to the vapor pressure of the solid phase, and so the liquid and solid are in equilibrium. These values are actually rather difficult to measure. Much simpler is the determination of the capillary melting range, which, as the name implies, is the temperature interval over which the compound is found to melt. Since, during the melting process, the system is not at equilibrium, this is not identical to the true melting point, but the values are normally very similar. In fact, most of the ‘melting points' in the literature are actually capillary melting point ranges. An important distinction is that the latter is always presented as a range of two temperature readings, from the temperature where melting is first observable to that where melting is complete. For pure compounds, complete melting normally occurs over a very narrow range, often